Monday, February 9, 2015
Science Falsely So-Called
It's quite common, in the discussions and dissent of our day and hour, to refer to 'science' as some sort of final arbiter of the disagreement. Science is looked to as this impartial decision maker, an illuminated path by which all of humanity can brightly see the path forward. Science is looked to as a settled body of facts, and one need only look at these facts to decide who is and is not right. This tactic is handily deployed when the scientific facts appear to be on your side. For example, Hilary Clinton recently used science as a bludgeon (while simultaneously trying to revamp her image into some sort of matriarchal font of wisdom as opposed to a bitter, man-hating harpy) when she tweeted "The science is clear: The earth is round, the sky is blue, and #vaccineswork. Let's protect all our kids. #GrandmothersKnowBest". See the subtlety? She draws a comparison between two settled facts and then throws in her debatable opinion. Mrs Clinton, and her ilk, claim to have great faith in 'science'.
The problem is that not all facts are equally established and while it is observable and demonstrable that the earth is indeed round (an observation validated by the Bible) and that the sky is blue, the jury is still out on many facets of the vaccination process. There are a great many very smart people that are on both sides of this issue, but before we start forcing people to take shots, it might behoove us to look at the track record of 'science' or rather, what the Bible calls 'science falsely so-called"
For example, it was a commonly held belief in ancient times that living matter could spontaneously arise from non-living matter. It was a commonly held-scientific opinion, endorsed and defended by the great minds of the time, for hundreds and hundreds of years. Everybody from Anaximander to Aristotle took the position that dead flesh spontaneously produced maggots, and that buckets of grain spontaneously produced mice. It was such a commonly accepted idea that Shakespeare even alluded to it in Anthony and Cleopatra. Francisco Reidi performed the first experiments in 1688 that cast doubt on this notion. His experiment was simple; isolate rotting meat form flies and see if maggots develop. They did not. For his trouble he was ridiculed and called 'unscientific'. The pressure was great enough to cause him to doubt his own hypothesis, not based on the evidence, but rather on its reception in the scientific community.
In 1745 an Englishman named John Needham performed experiments in which he boiled chicken broth, killing the microorganisms he believed were present in it. He sealed the broth up and when microorganisms grew anyway, victory was claimed for the idea of spontaneous generation. Later experiments proved that his boiled broth was still being contaminated by the air before it was sealed. It wasn't until 1859 that Louis Pasteur was able to sufficiently isolate the samples to prove , by demonstrable and repeatable experiments, that the prevailing scientific theory of the day was dead wrong.
Another common idea of medieval medicine was the idea of 'humours'. Humours can be loosely defined as 4 different bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) that had to be kept in balance to assure good health. This 'science' is a distant cousin to herbalism. In humour thoery different foods were assigned to different humours, and a person was supposed to treat deficiencies in their humours by consuming, for example, more pasta to bring your bile into balance or more sugar to adjust your blood humours. Humours were also tied to the Zodiac and the four season. Further study has discredited humours, but for centuries it was as firmly established a 'fact' as the color of the sky. No serious medical doctor at the time would challenge it, even though it was kind of silly.
All the great minds of the scientific community agreed for almost 3000 years that bloodletting was a valid medical practice. This method resulted in, among other things, the death of George Washington.
Trepanning , where a hole is drilled into the skull to relieve pressure ( and let evil spirits out) was practiced from ancient times to the renaissance without being questioned.
More recently, electroshock therapy reigned nearly 50 years as a viable method for treating a variety of illnesses. In the 1980's a procedure called vertebroplasty was introduced. In vertebroplasty, a sort of cement is injected into the spinal cord to relieve pain after an injury, and this method enjoyed a 90% success rate until , years later, many of the recipients began to experience a whole new set of problems, and further studies found it be no more effective than a placebo.
My point in all this this that the last chapter of this has not been written, and before we charge ahead, it behooves us to look behind. Throughout history, scientists have come up with ideas and theories and procedures that were widely implemented and endorsed and defended before ultimately proving themselves to be useless. Sometimes it took hundreds of years to get the truth out, and it may very well be that future generation will sit back and marvel that we were even considering injecting people with foreign substances against their will in the interest of medicine. Perhaps someday the vax pushers of today will be classified with blood-letters and trepanners.
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